Jimmys Childhood and The Consequences †Psychology Essay

Jimmys Childhood and The Consequences – Psychology Essay Free Online Research Papers Jimmys Childhood and The Consequences Psychology Essay According to psycho-analytical theory, ones early experiences are crucial to how we cope with adult life. Death, betrayal, lack of love and all the other facts that he was exposed to as a child, played an important role in the process of shaping his adult personality. There are two persons who are responsible for what he bacame – his parents. The pain and isolation Jimmy experienced as he saw his father die, are no doubt vital to his present state of mind. One of the most important fears of Jimmys come from this experience. The pain of betrayal is the one that grows in him for all these years, even though his father died many years ago and he keeps no contact of his mother. But the fear is present. And the problem with that is he really exaggerates sometimes. He must have suffered very much watching his father dying with noone around him except his son, because his wife was ashamed of ideology that Jimmys father gave life for. As a wife she should have been loyal, supporting, but not a person who cares for her husband out of obligation.Jimmy is afraid that Alison would leave him when he would be in the phase of needing help. Here is not the main concern whether they love each other or not, its just about their loyalty (especially Alisons) toward each other. There is a part from the book that supports this statement – when Alison tells Jimmy she is going to church and Jimmys reaction that follows. He feels that Helena and Alison are joining up against him and takes this as a betrayal. And another betrayal take spart in the book Even her father blames Alison for writing to her family when knowing how they feel about Jimmy. It was a betrayal. And not only the loyalty is important. Jimmy also hates apathy of people and I found some kind of association with his fathers dying again. In one of his monologues he tells that he was the only who really cared about his father – who really loved him. He was the only one that had to fight his tears in front of father – all the others were apathetic. He never found his mom really concerned about her husband and Jimmy probably realized that their relationship wasnt based on love. His mothers lack of love also played an important role in shaping his adult personality and causing his great difficulty in accepting and getting along with women. He is not mature even though he is well educated middle-class man. He simply isnt capable of love. One of the reasons for marriage with Alison was the battle that he fought with Alisons parents (again the most important role in this war took a woman). And since he won the battle he doesnt know how to go on because his expectations of marriage are kind of not real. Another problem is that Jimmy takes love as possession and maybe thats because love is such an important value for him – he suffered the lack of maternal love and he wants to keep sbs love as a treasure. He is extremely jealous of Cliff and Helena, believing love is competition (â€Å"You’re determined to win her, aren’t you?†). He also connects love with pain: â€Å"They all want to escape from the pain of being alive. And, most of all, love. /†¦/ It’s no good to fool yourself about love. /†¦/ And if you can’t bear the thought of messing up your nice, clean soul, you’d better give up the whole idea of life, and become a saint.† Jimmy as a nobody desperately needed someone to love him. He confirmed that with the words â€Å"I may be a lost cause, but I thought if you loved me, it needn’t matter.† However, he did not know how to give or accept love, which prevented him from being happy. As I already mentioned, Jimmy is immature. The problem is that Alison is immature too. The only thing that is functional in their marriage is their game of squirrels and bears. It’s a way of escaping from reality, freely playing without common sense and responsibility. And that is not love. It’s just unreasonable passion, without any obligations. Something that Jimmy does well. Research Papers on Jimmy's Childhood and The Consequences - Psychology EssayPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayWhere Wild and West MeetMind TravelThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThree Concepts of Psychodynamic

It236 Week9 Final Essays

It236 Week9 Final Essays It236 Week9 Final Essay It236 Week9 Final Essay Week 9 Final Ken Kronemeyer Ken Kronemeyer University of Phoenix, Axia College IT236 [ November 21, 2010 ] Kevin Jayne Week 9 Final Ken Kronemeyer The Assignment: 1. Final Project: Web Site Analysis * Analyze the Web site you selected for the Capstone Discussion question. * Use on your knowledge gained from the past 9 weeks. * Evaluate the current design of the site. * Identify recommendations for redesign. The Site The web site chosen for this project is the Belleville News-Democrat Newspaper web site from Belleville, Illinois. It is the hometown newspaper of this papers author. The site URL is bnd. com/ . It’s Problems 1. The first thing that happens when you enter this site is a pop-up. As a viewer of many websites, I have found this to be a real turn-off to continuing visits to a web site, as it is not very welcoming and is a distraction to the purpose of my visit. 2. News/Sports/Life/Opinions Page: Confusing hodgepodge of boxes and information and that is the same template on all major pages. (Fig. 1) 3. What would normally be the classifieds section of a newspaper is replaced with outsourced functions. For instance the Auto’s section is sourced to Cars. om instead of the actual newspaper ads, the Jobs section is sourced to CareerBuilder. com etc. (Fig 2) 4. The only real page that is uncluttered and straightforward is the â€Å"Services† page which is all about the services provided by the newspaper – payment, subscriptions etc. (Fig3) 5. Navigation is straightforward if one does not stray from the Navigation Bar at the top or goes all the way to the bottom of the screen to the sitemap. (Fig 4) 6. None of the newspapers special features are available either such as the Sunday Parade Magazine or even the daily comics. Nor are the sale ad inserts that many could use. If one wants the inserts, one has to buy the print edition. Fig 1| Fig 2| Fig 3| Fig 4 Recommendations Ideally, for a newspaper format, where the news and local interests are the main topics, this site should move all the ads to a column on the right and out of the body of the page, that way if one wants to view the ads, they are readily available for viewing and easily accessible devoting the main body of the page to what the site is about – news. Secondly, there should be some way for readers to access the actual classifieds of the newspaper. As it is, ads that are in the subscriber/newsrack edition are not available on line in the outsourced ad boxes. Many jobs I the paper edition are not in the CareerBuilder. com site and may automobiles listed in the paper edition are not in the Cars. com site, and it is the same for any of the other ads. This could be a great local news site, if the pressure for revenue did not interfere with the web sites design. Conclusion This could be a great site if it was de-cluttered and not made so distracting to the visitor and the pop-ups were done away with. If the site also included everything that comes with the daily print edition Comics, ad inserts, this would be a really useful and faithful representation of this fine newspaper. References Figs 1-4, Belleville News-Democrat, 2010, Retrieved November, 2010 from bnd. com/

Evils of the Grand Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evils of the Grand Theory - Essay Example The field of international relations should give little focus on the grand theory and rather focus on the dependency on the mid level theories.Categorical work is self-imposed as there is always labeling of work, connecting it to the individual who did what kind of work. Political scientists, start to link others to a certain tradition and be blamed of any poor research on a certain tradition. Here the political scientists cite the same sources in all research traditions and allocate similar works in their courses. Such works are read as a representation of the assumptions of the examination traditions and convey their meaning and the information to junior scholars. These works serves the reason to orient debates in the field. The evil in this issue is that the research traditions developed may be different from what the author might have intended to say. This is because they loss delicacy and quality of the information the themes portray in certain books or writings (Pearlman, 2013) . For the purposes of self-identification and the rise in the professional’s ability to be noticed, new incentives that are tilted to emerging approaches lead to formation of evils. This is because associations for scholars with common ground that is intended to bring a unified outcome, breeds a force for diversity of traditions and ideas. Even though, the existence of diverse traditions is not negative, as portrayed by the above pathologies, when joined to the next pathologies they hinder research for the political scientists.

Surprise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Surprise - Essay Example This demonstrates Mrs. Louise Mallard damsel in distress constitution of having a weak physical as well emotional state of Mrs. Louise Mallard due to her heart condition. 2. Mrs. Louise Mallard is also an archetype of an opportunist gold digger. She first felt bad when the news of her husband’s death was gently announced to her. She cried and sobbed in her room alone to pretend that the world was about to end. Then her gold digging attitude overcame her – that her husband’s death could bring her freedom and with it money (his estate). At first, she was shy about the idea and realizes that it is inappropriate to think that way. But she just liked the idea of freedom from her husband too much. She was overjoyed with the idea that without her husband, she could now do anything that she wanted and also enjoy the inheritance from her husband. She now would become a truly independent woman. She even whispered to herself â€Å" â€Å"Free, free, free!†Ã‚   She however does not want people to see that she is celebrating with the death of her husband so she feigned her weeping during the wake of her husband just like any gold digg ers would do. 3. Mrs. Louise Mallard’s archetype of a witch that was hit by karma. Witches can look physically beautiful just like Mrs. Louise Mallard but deep inside they are ugly. At first they will prevail just like Mrs. Louise Mallard who have successfully duped people that she was grieving with her husband’s death but in fact she was not. In the end however, karma took over just like witches who are being punished for their bad deeds. The karma happened in an unexpected manner. Mr. Brently Mallard after all did not die from the train crash and was in fact alive. He was mistaken as somebody else and his identity was reported as dead which was reported to this wife. Richard, a friend of Brently Mallard would like to prevent Mrs.

Estee Lauder Essay Example for Free

Estee Lauder Essay The company sells a variety of beauty and hair-care products and currently employs 31,300 people. Over the course of its lifetime, the company has bought or merged with many famous beauty brands. Some of the more recognizable companies that are a part of the Estee Lauder family include: Clinque, Aramis, La Mer, Origins, Bumble and Bumble, Aveda, and Bobbi Brown. In 2006, they were marketing their products to over 130 countries, and in September, they made agreements with the popular designers, Coach and Missoni, to create their fragrances. Also in 2006, Estee Lauder sold their makeup line, Stila, as it was not generating enough revenue. In 2007, they acquired Ojon, a popular Canadian hair-care company, but sold their Rodan + Field brands. Sales began growing tremendously in China and Russia and helped the company’s overall sales grow nine percent from the previous year. The company also announced that Frabrizio Freda, originally from Proctor and Gamble, would become their future president and chief operating officer starting in 2008. In 2008, Estee Lauder hired Omnicon Media Group’s M2M as their advertising agency in twelve different countries including places in Europe and Asia. During 2008 Estee Lauder also introduced their Time Zone Line and Wrinkle Reducing Moisturizers which were clinically proven to reduce the skin’s visible age. The company also opened up a brand new facility in Ontario for manufacturing and development. Situational Analysis: During the months of September, October, November, and December, Estee Lauder advertised the following products: Double Wear Lipstick, Advanced Night Repair, Double Wear Makeup SPF 10, Bold Volume Lifting Mascara, and Sensuous by Estee Lauder (perfume). The most popular items advertised were the Double Wear Lipstick, which ran three different magazine ads, and the Advanced Night Repair which was featured several times on the fourth cover page of magazines and in promotional company emails. Situational Analysis: The features of the Double Wear line include the option to choose liquid or powder makeup, the ability to create desired coverage, and a wide range of shades for every skin type. The advantages of the Double Wear line are the twelve to fifteen hour staying power and that makeup is comfortable to wear and silky smooth to the touch. The benefits of the Double Wear line are that the products contain SPF-10 and once the makeup is applied, there is no need for touchups. The features of the Advanced Night Repair are that it prevents future aging damage from occurring and it reduces damage that has already been done to skin. The advantages of the Advanced Night Repair include over twenty-five years of research behind the formula, Estee Lauder’s exclusive Chronolux Technology, and it has over 20 patents worldwide- so you can’t find it anywhere else. The benefits of Advanced Night Repair are the dramatic reduction in the visible signs of aging on the face. Estee Lauder sells a variety of beauty care products besides the ones that are advertised. They sell makeup for the face, eyes, and lips, along with tools such as makeup brushes, makeup remover, and nail polish. They also sell many skincare products for different needs, such as firming, age-prevention, anti-wrinkle, moisturizers, and the evening out of skin tone. They also have a luxury line called Re-Nutriv that contains an assortment of makeup and skincare that contain real gemstones within their formulas. Estee Lauder also sells fragrances for men and women. Many gift sets that contain a mixture of skincare, perfume, and makeup are also offered for reduced prices. Estee Lauder’s target market is defined by several categories, the broadest being females. This is due to the fact that most of Estee Lauder’s products are catered towards females. Since many of Estee Lauder’s products involve anti-aging, their customer should be interested in preserving their youth; therefore, the target market age is a more mature woman, in her thirties or older. The income of these women can range from average to a high income, as the prices of their products range from $20 to $1000. Two consumer categories from VALS II that describe the Estee Lauder target market are Achievers and Actualizers. Achievers want premium products which Estee Lauder can offer them. They like to try a variety of products, and even though they may brand hop, Estee Lauder knows they will come back due to their high quality products. Actualizers make the most money so Estee Lauder looks to them to buy their luxury line, ReNutriv, which can cost up to $1000 for an 8. 4 ounce jar of creme. The Actualizers also like technology, so the company tries to attract them by advertising the science behind their new formulas, such as the Chronolux Technology used in their Advanced Night Repair. Two Retail Target Markets that pertain to Estee Lauder’s target market are Classic and Update. Estee Lauder caters to the Classic Market’s needs by offering exceptional service at their sales counters in specialty stores. The salespeople are very knowledgeable and are willing to help customers find their perfect makeup match or skincare problem solver. The Classic Market also does not care whether or not a product is on sale, which is a reason why Estee Lauder rarely puts items on sale and is able to charge more money for products. The Update Market is more fashion forward group who want to keep up with trends. Estee Lauder advertises mainly in women’s fashion magazines in order to catch the attention of this market. Since the Update Market favors shopping in department stores, Estee Lauder puts their sales counters in stores like Macys, and Lord and Taylor. They also put their counters up in more upscale department stores, such as Bergdorf Goodman and Nordstrom. One of Estee Lauder’s competitors is Lancome, who is a part of the L’Oreal brand. Lancome offers similar products and services as Estee Lauder and at competing prices. Lancome even has an equivalent of Estee Lauder’s Advanced Night Repair which is called Genifique. Both companies advertise mainly in the same magazines, and therefore have the same target market. Lancome also has sales counters in the same department stores as Estee Lauder and the two are often located near each other. They also offer similar gift sets at reduced prices and have the same â€Å"free gift with purchase† sales promotions. Development of Creative Strategy: Estee Lauder’s advertisements in magazines are usually two pages or are on the second and fourth cover pages. In American magazines, the advertisements are all bleed ads and their backgrounds are very dark colors, usually a navy blue or black. For instance, the Double Wear Lipstick, Sensuous by Estee Lauder, and Double Wear Makeup SPF 10 ads all have a black background. All of the Advanced Night Repair advertisements have a navy blue background and also have a picture of a DNA ladder behind the photograph of the product. However, in the November 2009 issue of U. K Cosmo, the company’s advertisement for their Bold Volume Lifting Mascara has a golden yellow background. The product (Bold Volume Lifting Mascara) was also only advertised in the U. K issue. No other advertisements for the product could be found in an American magazine. The text on all of the makeup magazine ads is white. The headline, â€Å"Estee Lauder†, is always in all capital letters and is either on the very top or very bottom of the ad. The Double Wear Makeup ads always contain â€Å"Estee Lauder† (headline) on the bottom left page under the picture of the model. The text on the perfume ad for Sensuous was in purple, and was probably due to the fact that the shirt that the model was wearing was white. The headline of this ad was also in the middle of the page, which was very unusual compared to every other ad ran in this time frame. All the advertisements that contain a model seem to have the same one: a beautiful, skinny, pale-skinned, brunette with bright blue eyes and long, lightly wavy hair. This model is seen in every ad except for Advanced Night Repair. The model is always located on the left page. She may also be on the right page, but there will always be a picture of her on the left page as well. This is seen in the Double Wear Lipstick ad where the left page is mainly taken up by the model’s head and then the same model is also shown in profile which spans on to the right page. This same model also appears in email advertisements from the company and is also featured in the Virtual Makeup Tool on the Estee Lauder website. No matter when or where the product was advertised, the graphics remained the same. In the Advanced Night Repair ad, a large picture of the serum is splashed across the page. In the Double Wear Lipstick ad, five lipsticks in various shades are in the bottom right corner. In the Sensuous ad, the eye is first drawn to the model, who takes up the entire page. The perfume bottom is located in the bottom right corner and is not instantly noticeable. In the Bold Volume Lifting Mascara ad, there are four mascara tubes and one brush located in the bottom right corner. The Double Wear Makeup SPF-10 ad contains pictures of a compact filled with pressed powder, and two liquid foundations again located in the bottom right corner. The Double Wear Lipstick line ran three different ads during this time period. The three ads were exactly the same except the sub-headlines and amplifications were different. In the September and October ads, the sub-headline read â€Å"12-Hour Staying Power. New Double Wear Lipstick†. In the December advertisement, the sub-headline read, â€Å"Double the Wear, Double the Color. New Double Wear Lipstick†. There was only one difference between the amplification in the September and October advertisements. This difference was that only in October was the price of the lipstick shown. The amplification for it read, â€Å"$22. 00 suggested retail price†. The December ad’s amplification was completely different from the prior two, but still mentioned the same features, advantages, and benefits. All of these ads had the same action to take which was â€Å"shop now at esteelauder. com†. There is not much white space on these ads. The most noticeable white space would be on the back page of the Sensuous ad. The headline, Estee Lauder, is at the top in a large font. At the very bottom of the ad is a picture of the Sensuous gift box that takes up the bottom forty percent of the page. In the middle of this ad, the sub-headline, â€Å"Wrap her in warmth and luxury. Seductive Destination 82. 50, Worth over 120. 00†, is centered and there is a great deal of white space around it, which allows the eye to focus on it. The objectives of the ad campaigns were to be informative and persuasive. Because both the Advanced Night Repair and the Double Wear Lipstick were new products, Estee Lauder wanted to make sure people knew about them. These were the two products they pushed the most in this time frame. Both products’ ads had more text than some of their older products in order to explain their features more clearly. Advanced Night Repair’s ad dedicated most of its space to several paragraphs explaining how the serum fixes damage caused by the environment and a person’s genes. By being informative, Estee Lauder was able to teach people about their new products which then helped persuade them to buy them. They explained how they were the only people to have this new technology and how even scientists agree that their product works best. The execution style the ads used were slice of life, lifestyle, and scientific evidence. Slice of life is used in the Advanced Night Repair ad when it says â€Å"For every woman, every night†. The product is supposed to be used nightly to reduce the signs of aging, so they stick that phrase directly into the advertisement to let people know that this is a product used in everyday life. The Double Wear Makeup SPF- 10 ad also uses slice of life in their ads. They read â€Å"whether it’s a workday, a workout, or a weekend there’s a Double Wear formula to keep up with your active day† which also shows that this makeup is perfect for every day, no matter what may be on the customer’s agenda. Lifestyle is also seen throughout all of these ads. Sensuous speaks to a male audience and tells them to â€Å"Wrap her in warmth and luxury†. Estee Lauder tries to show that the perfume is meant to make a woman feel luxurious and special when she wears it, and that it will enhance her mood. The Double Wear Lipstick enhances a woman’s life by making her life a little easier by not having to worry about the staying power of her makeup. They say â€Å"glide it on once and don’t think twice†, showing women that there is no need for touchups with this lipstick. Advanced Night Repair boasts that their product reduces the signs of aging due to â€Å"past damage caused by every major environmental assault† and will help prevent future damage. Scientific Evidence is also seen in the Advanced Night Repair ad. The ad says right away that scientists believe that DNA damage ages our skin too fast and that this product contains twenty five years of â€Å"ground breaking DNA research† and the newly patented Chronolux Technology which helps reduce the effects of aging. They then say â€Å"its tomorrow’s technology- today†, trying to make the product seem futuristic and more technologically advanced than any other serum out on the market. Scientific Evidence is also seen in the Bold Volume Lifting Mascara advertisement. The ad talks about their exclusive â€Å"BrushComber† that â€Å"gives you all the thickening of a brush with the definition of a comb†. All of these ads contain at least one of these execution styles. These styles tie into the advertising objectives for informing and persuading consumers. The scientific evidence informs potential buyers of the new technology that only Estee Lauder has, while the lifestyle and slice of life execution styles try to persuade them to buy the products due to enhancements they will make in a customer’s everyday life. Media Analysis: The media vehicles that Estee Lauder used to advertise were the magazines, Elle, Cosmopolitan, Cosmopolitan U. K, Self, Vogue, Instyle, People, and Glamour. They were also featured on department store websites, such as Macys. com and Nordstrom. com. Estee Lauder also sent out promotional company emails every couple of days to people on their mailing list. The reach for Elle Magazine is 1,105,456 customers. Estee Lauder ran their Double Wear Lipstick ad which consisted of two full page, colored bleed ads. The asking price for a colored, one page bleed ad during December is $138,175. Because they used two pages, the total cost of the ad was $276,350. The CPM of this ad was $249. 99. Elle Magazine is issued monthly, giving the advertisement a one month shelf-life. Estee Lauder also needed to order space in the magazine to advertise at least two months in advance, giving their ad a long lead time. Elle also has a high clutter due to the large amount of advertisements it contains, making it harder for Estee Lauder to impact their customers. The reach for Cosmopolitan magazine is 2,907,436 customers. Estee Lauder ran their Sensuous by Estee Lauder ad and their Double Wear Lipstick ad in Cosmopolitan. The asking price for a one page color ad is $215,900. Both of Estee Lauder’s ads were bleed ads, which costs 15% more, making them, $248,285. Estee Lauder also used two pages for their ads, and added a scent sample (prices not listed for additional insert), making the total price $496,570 per ad. The CPM of each of these ads was $170. 79. Estee Lauder needed to pay for their advertisements at least one month in advance, giving their ad a lead time of one month or longer. Cosmopolitan is a magazine that is issued monthly, so the shelf-life is also one month. Cosmopolitan is also mainly comprised of advertisements, so the there is high clutter and low frequency The reach for Self magazine is 1,516,075 customers. Estee Lauder advertised their Double Wear Makeup SPF-10 on the second cover page and the third page of the magazine. The asking price for the second cover page is $200,123. The full color bleed ad on the third page cost $97,100. The total price for this advertisement was $297,223. The CPM of this ad was $196. 05. Self is published monthly, giving the ad a one month shelf life. There is high clutter due to the large amount of ads in the magazine. The reach for Vogue is 1,298,480 customers. Estee Lauder ran several different ads with this magazine. They used the fourth cover page in October 2009 for an Advanced Night Repair ad. The asking price for the fourth cover page was $188,922. The CPM for this ad was $145. 49. Estee Lauder also ran their Double Wear Lipstick ad and their Advanced Night Repair ad which were both two page, color, bleed ads, which cost $302,266. The CPM for these ads was $232. 8 each. Vogue is also issued monthly, giving the ad a one month shelf-life. Vogue, like Cosmopolitan, is also mainly comprised of advertisements, creating high clutter. The reach for Instyle magazine is 1,738,787 customers. Estee Lauder ran their Advanced Night Repair ad on their fourth cover page. The asking price for the fourth cover page was $201,800, making the CPM of this ad $116. 06. Instyle mag azine is published monthly, giving the advertisement a one month shelf-life and there is high clutter due to the large amount of advertisements within the magazine. The reach for People Magazine is 3,615,858 customers. Estee Lauder ran a one page color bleed ad in the September 28 issue. The cost for a one page color bleed ad was $266,780. The CPM for this ad was $73. 78. People is published weekly, giving the advertisement a shelf-life of one week. Estee Lauder had to send in their printing materials about twenty six days before the publish date, creating a lead time of about 26 days. The reach for Glamour magazine is 2,389,915 customers. Estee Lauder ran their Advanced Night Repair ad which was a two page colored bleed ad. The cost of a full page color bleed ad was $200,491. The total cost for this ad was $400,982, making the CPM for this ad $167. 78. Glamour is published monthly, giving the advertisement a shelf-life of one month. Estee Lauder had to send their ads in at least a month and a half before the publishing date, giving the advertisement a lead time of a month and a half or longer. Estee Lauder also sent out many promotional emails throughout the course of this time frame. These emails, however, were only for people who entered their names on a mailing list on the company’s website. There was no clutter in these emails as they were directly from the company and only pertained to their products. These emails were sent out every few days, giving them a shorter shelf-life than magazine ads. Estee Lauder actively used sales promotions to sell products. They often offered free gifts with purchases over a certain amount. For example, in September, Macy’s offered a free gift bag filled with makeup with any Estee Lauder purchase of $29. 50 or more. This gift was advertised by Estee Lauder in the September 28 issue of People Magazine. Within this gift bag was a deluxe sample of Advanced Night Repair and two Double Wear Lipsticks, which were popular products advertised by the company during this time period. Nordstrom also offered free gifts with any $39. 50 Estee Lauder purchase in October. Customers had a choice of four bags filled with goodies that either lifted, reduced, toned, or prevented aging. This gift bag was valued at $125. In their own promotional emails, Estee Lauder also advertised free shipping on their website with purchases over $50. They also gave three free samples of the customer’s choice with any purchase. During November, Estee Lauder had a free gift bag with purchase of $39. 50 that was also valued at $125. Customers were also able to choose their own skincare and makeup shades for their gift. Once this promotion was over, they moved on to their Color Spectacular Promotion. With any Estee Lauder fragrance purchase, customers were able to buy the Estee Lauder Color Spectacular Cosmetic Traveler for only $55. This Traveler contains twenty five shades of eye shadows and blushes, mascaras, eyeliners, lipsticks, brushes, a travel mirror, and two cases, making it worth over $340. This promotion started on November 16th on Estee Lauder’s website. The promotion started being offered at Macy’s on November 20th. This promotion is still currently in progress. Financial Overview: During the past three years, Estee Lauder’s total sales have risen by over one billion dollars. The total sales increased from $6,463,800,000 in 2006 to $7,910,800,000 in 2008. Their net income has also increased dramatically. Three years ago, their net income was $244,200,000. Last year, their net income rose to $473,800,000. Conclusion: No evidence of pre-testing or post-testing has been found in research for Estee Lauder. Estee Lauder has been working on both market penetration and production development. Their older skincare and makeup products have done extremely well in the past three years and their sales continue to grow at a steady rate. They have also introduced new skin care products as a part of their product development which will also have a dramatic effect on their sales. Although the United States and the Americas has continuously been the number one country in terms of sales, Estee Lauder has been focusing more on increasing their market shares in the Asia-Pacific region. This is due to the down turn in the economy that has been happening over the past two years in the United States. They hope in the future that this area will soon become the number one buyer for their products.

Stem Cell Research Essay -- Papers Science Biology Essays

Stem Cell Research Works Cited Not Included Stem cell research is an ongoing controversial issue. What exactly is stem cell research? How would this type of research affect people's lives? What are stem cells? Where do they come from and what are their uses in the human body? What diseases and medical conditions could be helped if not eventually cured completely? Scientists are very optimistic regarding stem cell research. Whether or not that research will be allowed to continue, in an unobstructed, way is still to be decided. How much do you know about stem cell research? Most people have heard that it may be the new miracle cure of the century. However, many of these same people don't know that the research has been around for more then twenty years. Only recently, in the past few years, has there been a major step made in the cultivation of human embryonic stem cells(Nature Publishing Group). So, what exactly are stem cells? These cells are what make up every cell in the human body, from skin cells to brain cells. They serve as a sort of body repair. Upon cell division, they can change to any type of cell as long as they are in a living animal or being. At that point, the stem cell can either remain a stem cell, or change into another type of cell, such as a muscle cell, blood cell, or brain cell(National Institue of Health). According to Elizabeth Cohen, CNN Medical correspondent, "They are essentially blank cells that potentially can be turned into pretty much any type of body tissue. So, for example, you could take a stem cell and in the lab convert it to a cardiac muscle cell and inject it into a heart that's bee... ...cell research may in fact promote unregulated and potentially unethical research (Research Unregulated). We have the knowledge and the know how to use it. It so easy to say no to something we don't understand. The possibilities of so many potential cures lie in lab and cannot be accessed because we as a people haven't decided if the research is ethical or not. Many opponents believe that any research on human embryos, which keeps them from developing into a human life, is the same as abortion. Then again, you have opponents like Senator Orrin Hatch who is anti-abortion but pro stem cell research (Cohen, CNN Interview). If we can draw a line in the sand between abortion and research on an embryo the results could be life saving. Lets just not waste too much time arguing about it. The next life saved could be your own.

Intraorganizational Conflicts Essay

In the discourse about the assessment and management of intraorganizational conflict within an organization, Jessica Katz Jameson underscores the various facets of these conflicts. These include the sources of conflict, their characteristics, the management strategies and the desired outcomes. However, of interest here is how the author characterizes the sources of these conflicts. In this presentation, an attempt to unveil the characterization of the sources of conflict without examining the attributes and the form taken by the conflicts is an effort in futility. According to Jameson (1999), conflicts arise when interdependent parties have very unlike and incompatible mindsets and interests. Intraorganizational conflicts take different forms depending on the source Sources of Informal Conflicts. Informal conflicts take the form of informal arguments or differences in points of view and opinions between co-workers, employees and supervisors, between factions within an organization or even interdepartmental Conflicts. Informal conflicts occur mainly due to differing values, beliefs, opinions as well as perception regarding to how work should be accomplished (Jameson 1999). Shapiro and Rosen (as cited in Jameson, 1999) further categorized informal conflicts as those whose sources are relational differences and those that arise from differences in opinions as to how tasks ought to be carried out. Relational differences include personal differences between members of an organization or differences in opinion regarding to leadership style. Task conflict on the hand has to do with differences in matters regarding to authority and/or responsibilities as well as differences in perception and interpretation various issues. Others[1] have utilized words such as subjective conflicts and objective conflicts in trying to categorize various forms of conflicts. Sources of formal conflicts. Formal conflicts are of a different dimension. They are characterized by formal complaints about such issues as: Contravention of human rights within an organization or policy violations. In several instances, formal conflicts result in legal action usually by an employee against an organization. Formal conflicts occur due to issues regarding to dismissal, benefits, absentee policies, safety standards, discrimination, rules and regulations of work and promotions. Employees feel that they are not being treated fairly. Formal conflicts have been a subject of much interest in recent times due to the rising number of costly court cases between the employees and organizations. Question 2. Is it important or necessary in an organization to understand the sources of conflict within an organization, as we have an autocratic structure that can impose a resolution? Understanding the sources of conflict within an organization is important because of the following reasons: a) It can help in unearthing potential conflicts before they happen. Usually conflicts do not just happen but follow a distinct pattern that can be detected by knowledgeable persons. Early detection would allow for action that would ensure that the conflict never gets out of hand. This would result in saving the parties involved time money and misery. b) It assists the disputants, managers and third parties involved in selecting the most suitable method of resolving particular conflicts. An imposed resolution may serve an important purpose in a conflict resolution but may fail to achieve the most satisfying solution for the parties involved. There are differing concerns and interests that form the conflict resolution goals for the parties and these have to be put into consideration when seeking a resolution strategy. Some of these interests include: Cost reduction, timeliness, privacy and confidentiality, fairness, maintaining relations and establishing a precedent. These concerns may not be adequately addressed if a resolution has to come from an autocratic authority with an own interest and concern. c) Autocratic Structure of conflict resolution would be of little use in formal conflicts that are likely to result in litigation. Litigation is an undesired outcome due to the costs incurred by either party (time and money); especially depending on the way the judgment goes. Litigation has served to increase the need for dispute systems within organizations. d)Â   Understanding the sources of conflict within an organization assists in the development of effective organizational conflict management. This creates a conducive work environment and reduces work related stress. This would in turn have a positive effect on employee satisfaction and productivity. Understanding sources of conflict should thus be a goal that is pursued by all members within an organization.

The Role of a Modern Industrial Manager

The role of a modern industrial manager Role of Industrial Manager Introduction The modern industrial manager is largely responsible for overlooking management operations at the workplace along with the management of people and technology . The role of the industrial manager is mainly personnel management initiatives for the employees as well as operational management and technology management through HR principles and knowledge management involving technological advances .Some of the theories that could be discussed in the context would be McGregor ‘s theory X-Y , Taylor and Fayol theories of management and how leadership skills of the manager could affect output and general performance of employees and the company Role of manager The focus here is on the role of the industrial manager , what he does and the tasks he is expected to perform . McGregor has formulated his X-Y theory by examining theories of individual behavior at work and his assumptions for theory X and theory Y vary considerably (McGregor 2006 .The theory X assumptions are that employees inherently dislike work and the managers feel that workers are in the job mainly because of the money . This sort of management style has inherent flaws as tight controls could go against the freedom of employees and will finally make people unproductive and resentful . The theory Y shows the management style marked by open-mindedness allowing individuals to work with their own responsibility . In this case , the manager believes that employees commit to their organizations through imagination , and creativity (McGregor , 2006 Weisbord , 2004 .If the job is satisfying , individuals will more often commit to their organization which is always good from any HR perspective . Theory Y is often considered a positive set of assumptions for workers and reflects higher needs The other theories of management that could be used in practice would be Taylor ‘s scientific management theory that suggests that man is a rational economic animal concerned with his own economic gain and people tend to respond individually . Taylor ‘s theory suggests that people could be treated like machines and these principles suggest that high wages could be linked to motivation .However , considering humans as standardized machines would be like overlooking several individual differences and this would not be advantageous for any organization Fayol ‘s theory emphasized on team dynamics and employee efforts in an organization (Fayol , 1988 . Division of labor , authority and responsibility , discipline , unity of command and direction , emphasis on general interest , remuneration , centralization , line of authority , equity , stability of tenure , initiative etc are some of the features in Fayol ‘s theory that points out to a successful management system within an organization ConclusionIn conclusion the role of the industrial manager is associated with bringing out a balance between peopl e ‘s sense of responsibility and economic and other gains of the company . The theories used here suggest that the industrial manager is responsible for understanding individual needs of employees as also their opinions and sense of responsibility Bibliography Fayol , Henri (1988 General and industrial management / Henry Fayol Pitman McGregor , Douglas (2006 The human side of enterprise / Douglas†¦

Inca Road System - 25,000 Miles Connecting an Empire

Inca Road System - 25,000 Miles Connecting an Empire The Inca Road (called Capaq Ñan or Qhapaq Ñan in the Inca language Quechua and Gran Ruta Inca in Spanish) was an essential part of the success of the Inca Empire. The road system included an astounding 25,000 miles of roads, bridges, tunnels, and causeways. Key Takeaways: The Inca Road The Inca Road includes 25,000 miles of roads, bridges, tunnels, and causeways, a straight line distance of 2,000 miles from Ecuador to ChileConstruction followed existing ancient roadways; Incas began improving it as part of its imperial movements by the mid-15th centuryWay stations were established at every 10–12 miles  Use was restricted to elites and their messengers, but commoners maintained, cleaned and repaired and set up businesses to cater to the travelersLikely nonelite access by miners and others Road construction began in the mid-fifteenth century when the Inca gained control over its neighbors and started expanding their empire. The construction exploited and expanded on existing ancient roadways, and it ended abruptly 125 years later when the Spanish arrived in Peru. In contrast, the Roman Empires road system, also built on existing roadways, included twice as many miles of road, but it took them 600 years to build. Four Roads from Cuzco The Inca road system runs the entire length of Peru and beyond, from Ecuador to Chile and northern Argentina, a straight-line distance of some 2,000 mi (3,200 km). The heart of the road system is at Cuzco, the political heart and capital of the Inca Empire. All the main roads radiated out from Cuzco, each named for and pointed in the cardinal directions away from Cuzco. Chinchaysuyu, headed to the north and ending in Quito, EcuadorCuntisuyu, to the west and to the Pacific coastCollasuyu, led southward, ending in Chile and northern ArgentinaAntisuyu, eastward to the western edge of the Amazon jungle According to historical records, the Chinchaysuyu road from Cuzco to Quito was the most important of these four, keeping the rulers of the empire in close touch with their lands and subject people in the north. Inca Road Construction Original Inca built canal and street in city of Ollantaytambo, Peru. Jeremy Horner / Corbis NX / Getty Images Plus Since wheeled vehicles were unknown to the Inca, the surfaces of the Inca Road were intended for foot traffic, accompanied by llamas or alpacas as pack animals. Some of the roadways were paved with stone cobbles, but many others were natural dirt pathways between 3.5–15 ft (1–4 meters) in width. The roads were primarily built along straight lines, with only a rare deflection by no more than 20 degrees within a 3 mi (5 km) stretch. In the highlands, the roads were constructed to avoid major curves. To traverse the mountainous regions, the Inca built long stairways and switchbacks; for lowland roads through marshes and wetlands they built causeways; crossing rivers and streams required bridges and culverts, and desert stretches included the making of oases and wells by low walls or cairns. Practical Concerns The roads were primarily built for practicality, and they were intended to move people, goods, and armies quickly and safely across the length and breadth of the empire. The Inca almost always kept the road below an altitude of 16,400 feet (5,000 meters), and where at all possible they followed flat inter-mountain valleys and across plateaus. The roads skirted much of the inhospitable South American desert coast, running instead  inland along the Andean foothills where sources of water could be found. Marshy areas were avoided where possible. Architectural innovations along the trail where difficulties could not be avoided included drainage systems of gutters and culverts, switchbacks, bridge spans, and in many places low walls built to bracket the road and protect it from erosion. In some places,  tunnels and retaining walls were built to allow safe navigation. The Atacama Desert Inca Road through the Atacama Desert. San Pedro de Atacama, Antofagasta Region, Chile (Lagunas Miscanti and Mià ±iques). Jimfeng / iStock / Getty Images Plus Precolumbian travel across Chiles Atacama desert could not be avoided, however. In the 16th century, the Contact-period Spanish historian Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo crossed the desert using the Inca Road. He describes having to break his people into small groups to share and carry food and water supplies. He also sent horsemen ahead to identify the location of the next available water source. Chilean archaeologist Luis Briones has argued that the famed Atacama geoglyphs carved into the desert pavement and on the Andean foothills were markers indicating where water sources, salt flats, and animal fodder could be found. Lodging Along the Inca Road According to 16th-century historical writers such as Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, people walked the Inca Road at the rate of about ~12-14 mi (20–22 km) a day. Accordingly, placed along the road at every 12–14 miles are tambos or tampu, small building clusters or villages which acted as rest stops. These way stations provided lodging, food, and supplies for travelers, as well as opportunities for trading with local businesses. Several small facilities were kept as storage spaces to support tampu, of many different sizes. Royal officials called tocricoc were in charge of the cleanliness and maintenance of the roads; but a constant presence that could not be stamped out were pomaranra, road thieves or bandits. Carrying the Mail Steps cut into the native mountainside for the Inca Road leading to Machu Picchu. Geraint Rowland Photography / Moment / Getty Images A postal system was an essential part of the Inca Road, with relay runners called chasqui stationed along the road at .8 mi (1.4 km) intervals. Information was taken along the road either verbally or stored in the Inca writing systems of knotted strings called quipu. In special circumstances, exotic goods could be carried by the chasqui: it was reported that the ruler Topa Inca (ruled 1471–1493) could dine in Cuzco on two-day-old fish brought in from the coast, a travel rate of about 150 mi (240 km) each day. American packaging researcher Zachary Frenzel (2017) studied methods used by Incan travelers as illustrated by Spanish chroniclers. People on the trails used rope bundles, cloth sacks, or large clay pots known as aribalos to carry goods. The aribalos were likely used for the movement of chicha beer, a maize-based mildly alcoholic beverage that was an important element of elite Inca rituals. Frenzel found that traffic continued on the road after the Spanish arrived in the same manner, except for the addition of wooden trunks and leather bota bags for carrying liquids. Non-State Uses Chilean archaeologist Francisco Garrido (2016, 2017) has argued that the Inca Road also served as a traffic route for bottom-up entrepreneurs. The Inca-Spanish historian Garcilaso de la Vega stated unequivocally that commoners were not permitted to use the roads unless they had been sent to run errands by the Inca rulers or their local chiefs. However, was that ever a practical reality of policing 40,000 km? Garrido surveyed a portion of the Inca Road itself and other nearby archaeological sites in the Atacama desert in Chile and found that the roads were used by the miners to circulate mining and other craft products on the road and to funnel off-road traffic to and from the local mining camps. Interestingly, a group of economists led by Christian Volpe (2017) studied the effects of modern expansions on the Inca road system, and suggest that in modern times, improvements in transport infrastructure have had a significant positive impact on various companies exports and job growth. Selected Sources Hiking the section of the Inca Road leading to Machu Picchu is a popular tourist experience. Contreras, Daniel A. How Far to Conchucos? A Gis Approach to Assessing the Implications of Exotic Materials at Chavà ­n De Huntar. World Archaeology 43.3 (2011): 380–97. Print.Garrido Escobar, Franciso Javier. Mining and the Inca Road in the Prehistoric Atacama Desert, Chile. University of Pittsburgh, 2015. Print.Garrido, Francisco. Rethinking Imperial Infrastructure: A Bottom-up Perspective on the Inca Road. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 43 (2016): 94–109. Print.Garrido, Francisco, and Diego Salazar. Imperial Expansion and Local Agency: A Case Study of Labor Organization under Inca Rule. American Anthropologist 119.4 (2017): 631–44. Print.Marsh, Erik J., et al. Dating the Expansion of the Inca Empire: Bayesian Models from Ecuador and Argentina. Radiocarbon 59.1 (2017): 117–40. Print.Wilkinson, Darryl. Infrastructure and Inequality: An Archaeology of the Inka Road through the Amaybamba Cloud Forests. Journal of Social Archaeology 19.1 (2019): 27à ¢â‚¬â€œ46. Print.

Daeodon (Dinohyus) - Facts and Figures

Daeodon (Dinohyus) - Facts and Figures Name: Daeodon; pronounced DIE-oh-don; also known as Dinohyus (Greek for terrible pig) Habitat: Plains of North America Historical Epoch: Miocene (23-5 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 12 feet long and one ton Diet: Omnivorous Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; quadrupedal posture; long, narrow head with bony warts    About Daeodon (Dinohyus) Chalk up another cool name thats been lost to the technicalities of science: the giant prehistoric porker formerly, and fittingly, known as Dinohyus (Greek for terrible pig) has now reverted back to an earlier moniker, the far less awesome Daeodon. Tipping the scales at a full ton, this Miocene pig was roughly the size and weight of a modern rhinoceros or hippopotamus, with a broad, flat, warthog-like face complete with warts (actually fleshy wattles supported by bone). As you might already have guessed, Daedon was closely related to the slightly earlier (and slightly smaller) Entelodon, also known as the Killer Pig, both of these genera  huge, opportunistic, omnivorous mammalian megafauna, the former native to North America and the latter to Eurasia. One odd feature of Daeodon was its nostrils, which were splayed out toward the sides of its head, rather than facing forwards as in modern pigs. One possible explanation for this arrangement is that Daeodon was a hyena-like scavenger rather than an active hunter, and needed to pick up scents from as wide a range as possible in order to home in on already-dead and rotting carcasses. Daeodon was also equipped with heavy, bone-crushing jaws, another classic scavenging adaptation similar to that of roughly contemporary bone-crushing canids, and its sheer one-ton bulk would have intimidated smaller predators from trying to protect their newly killed prey.

Understanding the Statement - Even When We Are Not Watching Essay

Understanding the Statement - Even When We Are Not Watching Television, It Still Frames Our Lives - Essay Example The essay will focus on the statement 'Even when we are not watching television, it still frames our lives', discuss its implications and analyze whether this situation may be undergoing a change. The average American family spends an average of 7.58 hours per day or 53 hours, 6 minutes per week glued to the television screen (Lawson, 2004, p. 17). Therefore the television has become an integral part of our lives, and this is true even when we are not actually viewing television. For instance according to Livingstone (1993, p. 5), " we plan our meals and phone calls as well as viewing around the television schedule". The influence wielded by television is exceedingly subtle but powerful nevertheless. The effects of television viewing have spilt over into several aspects of our lives which are examined below. According to Huston et al (1993, p. 4) "Both theory and intuition suggest that television plays an important role in the development of many facets of attitude, emotion, social behavior and intellectual functioning". Even while not actually watching television, its influence can be felt as it shapes peoples' attitudes and perceptions. For many individuals interact with people from other walks of life or other ethnic groups take place mainly via the medium of television. Television portrayal of such people influences the way we see them and interact with them in real life. Television is also seen to influence our consumptive behavior. This phenomenon is explained by Kniazeva (2003, p. 216), "the artificial reality perpetually portrayed on the TV screen started serving as a subliminal frame of reference for the viewers in their consumption activity".

The project management in the construction and operation of a Assignment

The project management in the construction and operation of a restaurant - Assignment Example The technical component is necessary to recognize the critical activities that influence the total length of time a project takes to finish. The human resource elements deal with the issues of headship and worker inspiration within a group or team atmosphere. A project is an organized activity to accomplish an objective. It can be defined as a series of related tasks that are directed towards a common output which will be completed during a period of time. It is the planning, directing and controlling resources (people, equipment, material) to meet the technical, cost and time constraints of the project. A project is a completely new task; thus there are no repetitive activities. It will be operated for the first time and the challenge cannot be predicted which may incur in future. The team members have to be conscious about their work and should monitor whether they can achieve the desired objective. Thus there will be continuous evaluation, monitoring, controlling till the project is completed. In short, we can say that the project management has taken place during the overall life of the project. New project team will be formed and after accomplishing its objective, it will be dispersed. Thus there will be more time required for the team members to perform effectively and there should be a conscious effort to ensure the participation of the team members by way of effective communication and motivation. Responsibilities of the project manager: Project managers characteristically have a distinctive role within the conventional organisation structure. Most project management squads are multidisciplinary in character, concerning a wide variety of abilities and organisational units. Frequently these teams consist of people from engineering, operations and marketing, and from support services that include risk management, systems operations, auditing, and legal groups. Accordingly, today's project managers have to often cross conventional functional lines to achieve the support necessary for the completion of a project. In most occasions, this support is requested without formal authority. Therefore, the project manager must make a combined culture that relies a lot on social skills as well as practical expertise. Without the authority of a traditional functional manager and the allied system of rewards and penalties, project managers have to make their authority by building trust, respect, and credibility among project members, as well as by representing sound decision making - all within an exciting work situation. High-performance project teams: In today's multifaceted and hi-tech sophisticated environment, the cluster has remerged in significance in the structure of project teams, the qualities of a project team and its vital performance relied on many aspects that involve both people and structural matters. Even though each organisation has its own methods of performance, there is common agreement among project managers on which aspects are separated into the following four categories: 1. Task-associated variables are direct measures of task performance, such as the skill to generate standard results on time and within budget, inventive performance, and the skill to change. 2.