Sociology of Cities and Urban Lives Research Paper

Human science of Cities and Urban Lives - Research Paper Example . Urban communities furnish their occupants with accommodations, administrations, and openings not accessible somewhere else. The urban culture reflects in various part of the individuals living in the urban communities. In today’s complex world, urban culture alludes to the city’s feeling of design, food propensity and diversion style. Let us look in insight concerning these three viewpoints. The cosmopolitan group has a bit of style in each part of their life. From the apparel to the music they listen they follow a one of a kind pattern. With regards to furnish, the city occupants wear apparel of high caliber and of shifted style. They will in general change their outfit all the time, as the style unexpectedly changes each year. Individuals give more significance to the way They dress and need to perceive themselves as style symbols. People are a lot of design cognizant in cosmopolitan and metropolitan urban communities. â€Å"Fashion currently possesses the inside ground in well known comprehension of present day culture. It appreciates phenomenal inclusion in the western media and characterizes the tenor of urban life like no other visual medium†(Breward 2008 : 9).They are mindful on each component of embellishing their body like shoes, glasses, watches, gems etc.Women revere beautifying agents and spend liberally on make up items. Design actually runs in the blood of urban life. â€Å"Nowadays what an individual wears is bound to be an impression of their own preferences and character, than needing to copy someone else†(Machowska 2007). Food propensity for urban individuals is boundlessly not quite the same as that of country individuals. In the urban communities quick nourishments are of extraordinary interest, as individuals lead an exceptionally quick life. The roads of the of all shapes and sizes urban areas are enhanced with different cheap food outlets, which are the devouring ground for urban group. Since they find less an ideal opportunity for cooking, they discover these outlets as a gift. â€Å"Convenience is a significant worry in food buys, particualry by individuals from urbanized

Free Essays on How Democratic Is Andrew Jacksom

â€Å"How Democratic Was Andrew Jackson?† Andrew Jackson’s confidence in Democracy was that all branches and organizations of the legislature must tune in to and follow the desires of the individuals. He needed to change the manner in which the nation had been run before he assumed responsibility. He didn’t feel that the individuals were truly arriving reasonable state on things. Andrew Jackson was Democratic in light of the fact that he needed the individuals to have more state and force in the administration, he needed to broaden our limits with the goal that individuals could move progressively out west, and he needed the national bank to be ran uniquely in contrast to it was. Andrew Jackson imagined that our nation wasn’t sufficiently democratic so when he crusaded he told the individuals that he will hear them out and do there will. He accepted that the individuals in office before him made a horrible showing of this. In the year 1816, the individuals picked presidential voters by lawmaking body, and constantly 1832, a large portion of the presidential balloters were picked by the individuals with the exception of in one state just which was South Carolina. On the other hand in 1836, the presidential voters were picked by the individuals in everything except one state which was by and by South Carolina. (Record 1.) Then on December 8, 1829, in a letter to congress Jackson stated, â€Å"In a nation where workplaces are made exclusively to support the individuals, nobody man has any more†¦right to (government occupations) than another.† This shows he accepts that any resident of the nation has a privilege to be in the legislature. The second explanation that Andrew Jackson was Democratic was that he needed to expand our nation for the individuals. He needed the Indians to move out west to what is currently Oklahoma so more Americans could get off of the east drift and build up our nation more. Many individuals today state this was a horrible despot activity, however it wasn’t he revealed to them that they could remain in the condition that they complied with our laws. (Record 8.) He likewise paid the Indians who chose ... Free Essays on How Democratic Is Andrew Jacksom Free Essays on How Democratic Is Andrew Jacksom â€Å"How Democratic Was Andrew Jackson?† Andrew Jackson’s confidence in Democracy was that all branches and organizations of the administration must tune in to and follow the desires of the individuals. He needed to change the manner in which the nation had been run before he assumed responsibility. He didn’t imagine that the individuals were truly arriving reasonable state on things. Andrew Jackson was Democratic on the grounds that he needed the individuals to have more state and force in the administration, he needed to broaden our limits so individuals could move increasingly out west, and he needed the national bank to be ran uniquely in contrast to it was. Andrew Jackson felt that our nation wasn’t sufficiently democratic so when he battled he told the individuals that he will hear them out and do there will. He accepted that the individuals in office before him made an awful showing of this. In the year 1816, the individuals picked presidential voters by governing body, and constantly 1832, the vast majority of the presidential voters were picked by the individuals with the exception of in one state just which was South Carolina. Of course in 1836, the presidential voters were picked by the individuals in everything except one state which was by and by South Carolina. (Archive 1.) Then on December 8, 1829, in a letter to congress Jackson stated, â€Å"In a nation where workplaces are made exclusively to help the individuals, nobody man has any more†¦right to (government occupations) than another.† This shows he accepts that any resident of the nation has a privilege to be in the administration. The second explanation that Andrew Jackson was Democratic was that he needed to expand our nation for the individuals. He needed the Indians to move out west to what is currently Oklahoma so more Americans could get off of the east drift and build up our nation more. Many individuals today state this was a horrendous despot activity, however it wasn’t he revealed to them that they could remain in the condition that they complied with our laws. (Archive 8.) He additionally paid the Indians who chose ...

Start Off Your Essay With a Good Sentence

Start Off Your Essay With a Good SentenceFirst off, you want to start off your essay with a good sentence or two that will begin the introduction to your free samples of essay. Your free samples of essay will provide you with ideas for opening sentences and include filler phrases. Those free samples of essay should be introduced at the beginning of your essay.Beginning your essay with a sentence or two of information will help others get to know who you are, where you are from, and what you are going to talk about. When they know who you are and what you are talking about, it is much easier to make an introduction to your free samples of essay. You want to be as easy to relate to as possible in the beginning of your essay.If you are using free samples of essay, use examples that can relate to the topic you are writing about. For example, if you are going to write about article writing, you may want to use examples of 'The Independent'Huffington Post' articles. They have been used as examples of what an article should look like. You want to have information that can relate to the topics you are writing about. Your free samples of essay will provide you with ideas for paragraphs that relate to the topics you are writing about.A sample paragraph begins with a single sentence that shows your idea for the paragraph. A sentence is the simplest form of sentence and the simplest form of writing. If you can get your paragraph started with a sentence, you will eliminate writing what is called a 'wasted paragraph.'You want to use as many sentences as you can to keep the reader interested in your paragraph and the information you are trying to present to them. It is also important to give them enough information to stimulate their memory for the rest of the paragraph.Once you have the basic paragraph worked out, make sure you have the free samples of essay you want to use in the body of your essay. You may want to look at several free samples of essay and select the one th at best relates to the subject of your essay.Sometimes you may be surprised to see that you do not need all of the free samples of essay you may have written. When you come across a free sample that you do need, make sure you change the ending of your essay to reflect your new example.You should not try to write an essay that does not show the reader anything. If you try to write an essay without putting a start or finish in it, it will be confusing. Keep your reader interested in your free samples of essay samples by starting them off with a sentence or two and make sure they have enough information to keep their interest.

Intellectual disability therapy Free Essay Example, 1750 words

The left brain was found to help in speaking and reading. Moreover, the left brain characterized people with high skills in math and writing (2009). Pavlov in his study on conditional responses argued that learning help in molding behaviors. In his experiment, Pavlov had rung a bell before feeding his dogs. Over time, he found the dogs salivating when they heard the sound of the bell even when it did not accompany with food. Therefore, there are aspects of life that people can be taught to help improve their life like intellectual disabilities (Hock, 2009). Furthermore, intellectual disabled people get support to help them in development, training, and have interests to improve on their life. Support is usually provided by friends, family members and the community in general. Harry in his study Discovering Love found that people are more likely to develop in places and situation that are comfortable (Hack, 2009). Therefore, intellectual disabilities need care and comfort in employment; job coaching includes support by service systems. Parents, friends, sibling and teachers or other persons can also provide support to patient of intellectual disorders (The Arc). Doody, et al (2013) writes on intellectual disability in Ireland about its development and future prospects. We will write a custom essay sample on Intellectual disability therapy or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now They report that the profession that takes care of mentally disabled patient has been put to question. Nursing profession in this field started in 1959 by providing services and education. However, time has passed, and the profession has changed as it shifts to standard set by national reports as well as international journals and current attitudes. Today, in Ireland intellectual disability course, take four years an extension from three years. Intellectual disability causes people to have problems in sexuality and relationships (Doody, 2013). The report reveals that intellectual disabilities lose opportunities to participate in relationships and sexual training due to perceptions and attitudes of family caregivers, professional staff and support workers. There was a survey in Ireland conducted do study how to minimize constraints among intellectual disabilities. After the survey, it was pointed out that the constraints could be addressed through partnering all worker and groups; enhance training about relationships and sexuality education, developing appreciable risk management and empowering intellectual patients. All humans suffer from stress now and then for various reasons. Stress has been found to cause physiological problem such as cardiovascular diseases.

Whiplash Claims in the UK - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2831 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Topics: Government Essay Did you like this example? What, if anything, should the Government do about whiplash claims in this country? The need for our government to take action in regards to whiplash claims would depend on whether there is a problem in the first place. The problem in this respect can take on many forms, namely with either procedure, access to justice, other methods of resolving dispute (ADR[1]), policy, legislation, social dynamics and/or economical climate of the whole country. It is therefore vital to identify the problem and where it stems from, before searching for appropriate solutions. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Whiplash Claims in the UK" essay for you Create order For the purposes of this essay I will be focusing on the past policy changes in regards to personal injury, such as the introduction of legal aid system and the Legal Aid Board, Lord Woolfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s review of the Civil Procedure Rules and Access to Justice Report[2] and Lord Jackson Reforms. I will aim to demonstrate that there are considerable claims in regards to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“compensation cultureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [3] and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“whiplash epidemic,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [4] but those assertions are largely unfounded and seem to serve as an excuse for political and economical goals. Nonetheless, the current changes are both reactive and proactive, and can be seen as necessary in our current economical climate. The problem in this case is subjective, everyone involved would take a different view depending which interests they represent and the end goal they are trying to achieve. It is difficult to determine whether there has been a major increase in RTA over the years as unfortunately there is no reliable, year by year, statistical data to prove the case either way.[5] Nonetheless, when it comes to whiplash injury, Jack Straw quoted that it is as high as 80% of all the RTAs[6] leading to Britain being branded the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“whiplash capital of Europe.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [7] Lord Jacksonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s review of PI claims found that claimants had too many benefits, making smaller claims, namely whiplash claims, an easy target for fraudsters. Unsurprisingly ABI[8] was strongly in support of the reforms that followed and APIL[9] were strongly against. What is plainly evident is that the two sides reflect the interests of their industries. Fault based liability seems to be turning into cost based liability. Lord Dyson suggests that claimants have à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“lost all sense of personal responsibilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [10] blaming the media for creating a false belief that litigation is a quick financial boost rather than a genuine solution to a p roblem à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“[t]he compensation culture is a myth; but the cost of this belief is very real.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [11] Nonetheless, Dyson diverts the blame from the system à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“compensation culture is not about what goes on in court, but rather about what happens outside the court roomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [12] and rejecting claims that UK has developed the US style litigation culture.[13] Some of the biggest changes to affect whiplash claims have been made first through the Lord Woolfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s review which focused on the disproportion caused by the legal aid system and just recently by Jackson Reforms, which were introduced to target the imbalance generated by the Access to Justice Act 1999 between claimants and defendants. The Jackson Reforms introduced a shift between the claimant and the defendant especially in regards to the small claims track. The new model of Conditional Fee Arrangements that abolish the recoverability of success fees and API premiums m ean that the claimant will be covering some of the costs through the awarded damages.[14] These reforms can be seen to not only continue maintaining access to justice through CFA, but also significantly reducing costs and disproportionate fees.[15] These reforms alter the traditional model of full compensation. Cane draws on Lord Denning criticism of the old model in Lim Poh Choo v. Camden Health Authority[16] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“it would be unfair and unreasonable to award damages for loss of earnings if the claimant was in no position to benefit from them.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [17] The new reforms do not target so much how the damages are calculated, but more how much the claimant is actually left with. The courts often find themselves in a difficult position having to calculate a value in financial terms on the injuries and possible future losses which, through their subjective judicial activism, this can result in considerably varied applications of awards. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“There seems no r eason why a young person should be maintained for the rest of their life by an award of damages (paid by society in one way or another) simply because their spouse or partner was killed through someoneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s fault. It is surely not right that the law should reward idleness and discourage gainful activity in this way.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [18] Although Cane was talking about fatal accidents, damaged in whiplash claims are often also difficult to calculate[19] and disproportionate claims[20] can arise when calculating future losses in regards to whiplash personal injury claims, sometimes depending on the length of the claimed pain not severity.[21] The claimants must take reasonable steps to mitigate their loss, but it is difficult to prove whether or not a claimant has done all that is reasonably expected of them to reduce their costs and again it is left up to the courts to decide what is reasonable. Currently a claimant can include private medical treatment[22] in their da mages even if it is available through the NHS à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“(in more than a third of cases), in order to have an examination necessary for the claim.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [23] This seems to go strongly against the mitigation principle à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“[i]t is not at all obvious why, sixty years after the beginning of the NHS, we should continue to subsidize those who seek private treatment in the way that the tort system does.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [24] This is something the Government can potentially address in regards to whiplash injury, as these claimants are unlikely to require treatments the NHS does not already provide. Current proposals for medical whiplash panels have been accepted by the Ministry of Justice and are likely to be implemented.[25] The Civil Justice Council has indicated the need for independent panels with an accreditation model to provide skilled advice, but indicated the need for heavy regulation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“are assessed and authorised on the basis of their experti se, and not organisations that can then hire or instruct individual doctors who are not then subject to any independent scrutiny or authorisation.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [26] This model looks promising and aims to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“i) flexible; ii) transparent; iii) independent.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [27] Nonetheless, with whiplash injuries being so difficult to prove, medical panels, no matter how independent, are unlikely to spot fraudsters. Their reports would produce largely subjective results. Motor Investigation Unit has been researching more modern solutions through social media and technical equipment like on board CCTV.[28] In Golden v. Dempsley[29] the courts accept the MIU[30] take a different approach to evidence, with more focus on the claimantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s credibility. In reference to Kearsley v Klarfeld[31] and Casey v Cartwright[32] the district judge also notes the need for early access to the car for inspection and medical records, but also stresses that those should not be the main focus. The recent reforms were heavily criticised by the Law Society and APIL who are disadvantaged by the new changes, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“propaganda which is generated by insurers on the pretext that insurance premiums will be reduced and that this will in turn assist the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s economic recovery.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [33] Claire McIvor takes an individualistic approach arguing that the new reforms significantly reduce claimantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s access to justice and impede on their Human Rights, primarily Article 6 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“access to justice is, after all, a fundamental human rightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦under the terms of art.6, it is unqualified in terms of cost considerations.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [34] However, too much access to justice can create chaos, Friedman refers to this as an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Orwellian nightmare,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  where access to justice is so open, that anyone can claim for anything with ease, and in effect we end up regulating each other, à ƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“we cannot have a system that provides unlimited access to justice; the pyramid must remain a pyramid.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [35] Individuals are likely to fight for their own interests with disregard of how it might affect someone in the future through policies, allowing the pyramid to lose its shape would likely result in a dysfunctional welfare state à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“not justice but economical inefficiency and waste.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [36] McIvor takes a normative approach, but disregards economical efficiency completely à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“minimum costs will consist solely of those costs which are necessary à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦regardless of whether they can be described economically efficient.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [37] This is a good theoretical model, but one that does not work in practice, it is quite an unrealistic model considering economy is the driving force and is what allows UK to compete on an international level pedestal with other leading economies. If we disregard economy with s uch ease in every area of governance and politics then we are likely to be in constant recession. McIvor states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“substantive aspect of the process should take priority over the procedural.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [38] However, Friedman argues that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“[c]heapness and convenience, while obviously important, are hollow and meaningless without a working system of relevant rights.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [39] A working system is one that can continue functioning, that can sustain itself. The reforms[40] represent a give and take scenario, with the abolition of success fees and ATE premiums on the one hand and the 10% increase in general damages[41], 25% cap on success fees from damages and qualified one way cost shifting on the other. It is an attempt to distribute costs between all parties, the claimants, defendants and even the claimantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lawyers. Although the claimant is viewed by some as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the little guy in the face of giant corporations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [42] he is also the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“one-time litigantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [43] so unlike the defendant, likely an insurance company, in the event the claimant loses their case they will only bear the costs once, if at all.[44] The costs do balance out between the parties that way, just because insurance companies have more assets at an individualistic level, does not mean that they should carry the cost burden so significantly, this would not work with every case. Many claimants do not realise that personal injury civil litigation is not funded through the state, legal aid has been cut significantly and now it is publicly funded, so the costs come back round on us in a vicious circle through insurance premiums. The Jackson Reforms have deep political roots. We have been experiencing difficult economical times and are just emerging from the deepest recession of 2008-2009s since the war time of the 1920s.[45] We cannot look at the recent changes in whiplash claims policy i n isolation from the economical and political climate that evoked those changes. It is possible that the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“compensation cultureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is an excuse, but the problem remains and that is excessive litigation in the whiplash area of civil litigation. There are very little changes that I would advise our Government to make in relation to whiplash claims in this country. I would advise an introduction of a whiplash NHS care package to speedily deal with medical reports of claimants, this is, however, likely to be introduced together with the medical panels and the accreditation scheme. Through past history of the legal aid introduction, then the Access to Justice Act 1999, and now the Jackson Reforms, what is evident is this constant emerging imbalance between the two sides, justice and morality often lies on the side of the claimant and economical prosperity on the defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s side, usually a corporation. The way this imbalance is targeted is by restricting the side that is causing an imbalance, it is something that will continue to be done. Social tendencies dictate that whichever party gets better provisions, will take advantage of it and in some cases even abuse it, such as the fraudulent whiplash claims. That is not to say the system we have at the moment is the optimal, best suited system, but it is one that seems to be reflecting the current economical conditions. The new changes introduced by way of Jackson Reforms are unlikely to stick around long enough to make a long lasting imprint in history, but it seems they are better suited for the current identified imbalance and will remain in place until the scales tip in the opposite direction. Bibliography: Lim Poh Choo v. Camden Health Authority [1980] AC 174. Motto and others v. Trafigura Ltd and another [2011] EWCA Civ 1150. Valentine v McGinty [2010] G.W.D. Langford v Hebran [2001] EWCA Civ 361. Fairley v Thomson [2004] Rep. L.R. 142. Golden v. Dempsley [2010] 9B106073. Kearsley v Klarfeld [2005] EWCA Civ 1510. Casey v Cartwright [2006] EWCA Civ 1280. Simmons v Castle [2012] EWCA Civ 1039. Access to Justice Act 1999. Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 Law Reform (Personal Injuries) Act 1948. Conditional Fee Agreements Order 2013. C McIvor, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Impact of the Jackson reforms on access to justice in personal injury litigationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2011) CJQ. LM Friedman à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Access to Justice: Some Historical Commentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ 2009 37(1) Fordham Urb. LJ Article 4, 7 CFA covers legal fees; however additional costs such as medical reports and court fees might have to be covered by the claimant in the even they lose their case. Steve Hawkes , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Britainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s compensation culture is out of control, insurance chief warnsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Telegraph, 4 August 2013). R. Lewis, A. Morris and K. Oliphant, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Tort personal injury claims statistics: is there a compensation culture in the United Kingdom?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ [2006] JPIL 103. Master of The Rolls Lord Dyson, Compensation Culture: Fact or Fantasy? (Holdsworth Club Lecture, 15 March 2013). P. Cane, Atiyahà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Accidents, Compensation and the Law (7th ed., Cambridge, 2006). Law Society, Reducing the number and costs of whiplash claims A consultation on arrangements concerning whiplash injuries in England and Wales (March 2013). Civil Justice Council, Reducing the Number Costs of Whiplash Claims. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/insurance/10221301/Britains-compensation-culture-is-out-of-control-insurance-chief-warns.html Accessed 14/03/2014 to 20/03/2014 Chinwe Akomah, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"ABI seeks à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"radicalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ action to tackle whiplash epidemicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Post Online, 27 April 2012) https://www.postonline.co.uk/post/news/2170911/ abi-outlines-radical-plans-tackle-whiplash-epidemic Accessed 14/03/2014 to 20/03/2014 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Jack Straw calls for reform of car insurance industryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (BBC, 27 June 2011) https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13922554 Accessed 14/03/2014 to 20/03/2014 Ray Massey, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Europeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s whiplash capital: Compensation culture makes British twice as likely to claim, adding  £90 to premiumsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Daily Mail, 20 April 2013) https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2311979/Europes-whiplash-capital-Compensation-culture-makes-British-twice-likely-claim-adding-90-premiums.html Accessed 14/03/2014 to 20/03/2014 John Hyde, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"MoJ confirms plans for medical whiplash panelsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Law Gazette, 16 January 2014) https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/practice/moj-confirms-plans-for-medical-whiplash-panels/5039395.article Accessed 14/03/2014 to 20/03/2014 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fraud à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" December 2011à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã ¢â€ž ¢ (Weightmans, December 2011) https://www.weightmans.com/library/newsletters/fraud_-_december_2011/lvi_-_a_fresh_approach.aspx Accessed 14/03/2014 to 20/03/2014 Graham Hiscott, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Budget 2014: George Osborneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s recovery exposed as a conà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Mirror, 19 March 2014) https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/budget-2014-george-osbornes-recovery-3258255 Accessed 19/03/2014 to 20/03/2014 [1] Alternative Dispute Resolution. [2] Resulting in new legislation, Access to Justice Act 1999. [3] Steve Hawkes , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Britainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s compensation culture is out of control, insurance chief warnsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Telegraph, 4 August 2013) https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/insurance/10221301/Britains-compensation-culture-is-out-of-control-insurance-chief-warns.html [4] Chinwe Akomah, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"ABI seeks à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"radicalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ action to tackle whiplash epidemicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Post Online, 27 April 2012) https://www.postonline.co.uk/post/news/2170911/abi-outlines-radical-plans-tackle-whiplash-epidemic [5] R. Lewis, A. Morris and K. Oliphant, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Tort personal injury claims statistics: is there a compensation culture in the United Kingdom?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ [2006] JPIL 103. [6] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Jack Straw calls for reform of car insurance industryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (BBC, 27 J une 2011) https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13922554 [7]Ray Massey, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Europeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s whiplash capital: Compensation culture makes British twice as likely to claim, adding  £90 to premiumsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Daily Mail, 20 April 2013) https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2311979/Europes-whiplash-capital-Compensation-culture-makes-British-twice-likely-claim-adding-90-premiums.html [8] Association of British Insurers. [9] Association of Personal Injury Lawyers. [10] Master of The Rolls Lord Dyson, Compensation Culture: Fact or Fantasy? (Holdsworth Club Lecture, 15 March 2013) 6. [11]Ibid, Lord Dyson quoting BRTF, 4. [12] Ibid 11. [13] Ibid 8. [14] Implemented through s44 and s46 of the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012; and Conditional Fee Agreements Order 2013. [15] Motto and others v. Trafigura Ltd and another [2011] EWCA Civ 1150. [16] [1980] AC 174. [17] Ibid. [18] P. Cane, Atiyahà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Accidents, Compensation and the Law (7th ed., Cambridge, 2006) 155. [19] Valentine v McGinty [2010] G.W.D. [20] Langford v Hebran [2001] EWCA Civ 361. [21] Fairley v Thomson [2004] Rep. L.R. 142. [22] Law Reform (Personal Injuries) Act 1948, s. 2(4). [23] Ibid (n 17) 155. [24] Ibid (n 17) 151. [25] John Hyde, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"MoJ confirms plans for medical whiplash panelsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Law Gazette, 16 January 2014) https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/practice/moj-confirms-plans-for-medical-whiplash-panels/5039395.article [26] Civil Justice Council, Reducing the Number Costs of Whiplash Claims. [27] Ibid. [28] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fraud à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" December 2011à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Weightmans, December 2011) https://www.weightmans.com/library/newsletters/fraud_-_december_2011/lvi_-_a_fresh_approach.aspx [29][2010] 9B106073 [30] Motor Investigation Unit. [31] [2005] EWCA Civ 1510. [32] [2006] EWCA Civ 1280. [33] Law Society, Reduci ng the number and costs of whiplash claims A consultation on arrangements concerning whiplash injuries in England and Wales (March 2013) 2. [34] C McIvor, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Impact of the Jackson reforms on access to justice in personal injury litigationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2011) CJQ. [35] LM Friedman à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Access to Justice: Some Historical Commentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ 2009 37(1) Fordham Urb. LJ Article 4, 7. [36] Ibid 9. [37] Ibid (n 30). [38] Ibid (n 30). [39] Ibid (n 31) 4. [40] Lord Jackson Reforms 2013. [41] Introduced through Simmons v Castle [2012] EWCA Civ 1039. [42] Ibid (n 31) 6. [43] Ibid (n 30). [44] CFA covers legal fees; however additional costs such as medical reports and court fees might have to be covered by the claimant in the even they lose their case. [45] Graham Hiscott, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Budget 2014: George Osborneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s recovery exposed as a conà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Mirror, 19 March 2014) https://www.mirror.co .uk/news/uk-news/budget-2014-george-osbornes-recovery-3258255

Gilded Age Dbq Essay - 932 Words

After the soaring ideals and tremendous sacrifices of the Civil War, the post-War era of the United States was generally one of political disillusionment. Even as the continent expanded and industrialized, political life in the Gilded Age was marked by ineptitude and stalemate as passive, rather than active, presidents merely served as figureheads to be manipulated rather than enduring strongholds. As politicians from both the White House to the courthouse were deeply entangled in corruption and scandal during the Gilded Age, the actual economic and social issues afflicting urbanizing America festered beneath the surface without being seriously addressed. During this time, general American attention had shifted away from national†¦show more content†¦(F) Men such as Carnegie and Rockefeller prospered enormously under this system at the expense of foreigners, women, and children, who were simultaneously dwarfed due to harsh working conditions. (G) While 10% of the population reached new economic pinnacles, the remaining 90% struggled to maintain a steady income. Lacking government support, the common man suffered while the rich man thrived. Though the two political parties, the Democrats and Republicans, aged differently in region, ethnicity, and religion, one similarity was prevalent: neither was willing to take strong stands on the most sensitive topics (H). The sectionalism that had been rife prior to the Civil War was still alive. Since neither side wanted to take risks, for fear of upsetting the balance of power, complex issues such as the tariff and money bills moved forward slowly and thus benefited the public too little or too late. The smaller peoples, including farmers, laborers, and small businessmen, were left out of the political equation except at the local machine level. Presidential cabinets were marked by the practice of patronage as the continuation of Andrew Jacksons spoils system became more widespread throughout the country. With no real standouts of the time, the social issues of the day were largely deferred or ignored. During the Gilded Age, approximately 10 million immigrants came to the United States, many in search of religious freedom and greaterShow MoreRelatedGilded Age Dbq Essay1643 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gilded Age was the time of rapid economic growth for the United States. The period where little corporations turned into a millionaire company. The time of one of the most dynamic, contentious, and volatile periods in American history happened. National wealth increased dramatically but their was a problem for the poor and the farmers of the U.S. People may say that the Gilded Age was the era of corruption, harsh labor and brutal industrial competition, but others think that the Gilded Age isRead MoreGilded Age DBQ901 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ â€Å"The politics of the Gilded Age failed to deal with the critical social and economic issues of the times.† Assess the validity of this statement. Use both the documents and your knowledge of the United States from 1865 to 1900. Whether or not the politics of the Gilded Age failed in dealing with social and economic issues has long been debated by historians. Peeling away streaks of gold plastered on the deficiencies of the time, the cause of such problems can be unveiled. In finding a blame forRead MoreDBQ Questions781 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿DBQ QUESTIONS Writing the DBQ Civil War Assess the following quote: â€Å"Ultimately, the Civil War reduced sectional antagonism and made the United States truly ‘one nation.’† ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Constitution Using information from the evidence below as well as your knowledge of the period, discuss the development of the United States Constitution as aRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of The 19th Century1463 Words   |  6 PagesMaya Stepansky Mr. Meyer Progressive Era DBQ Toward the latter part of the 19th century, bustling America, in response to the trends of industrialization and urbanization that characterized its Gilded Age, began its new century by entering into a new historical/political epoch that came to be known as the Progressive Era. This distinctive period in history (spanning from the 1890s through 1920) found progressives seeking to use the American federal government as a means of change through socialRead MoreWhy Did Farmers Express Discontent During 1870-1900 and What Impact Did Their Attitudes and Actions Have on National Politics.2488 Words   |  10 Pageson national politics. Manufacturing hit a huge growth rate during this period which cause agriculture to decline, and cause farmers to struggle to make a living. The farmers were now being abused by the railroad companies and banks. The documents in DBQ 8 show rationality for the farmer’s protests, exclusively on bank mortgage tariffs and the gold standard. Two particula r groups became popular during this period and that would be the Grangers and the Populist Party. Farmers fought against the Gold

Organizational Behavior in the Organization †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Describe about the Organizational Behaviour in the organization? Answer: Introduction: Organizational Behaviour (OB) is the study of peoples behaviour in an organization. It helps in directing employees skills, knowledge in achieving the goals of any organization. According to the given case study, Big Energy being a giant in the private sector, acquired XYZ Energy, a major government own energy company. This particular study is emphasizing in knowing the impact of the integration model followed by Big Energy in acquiring XYZ Energy on the overall attitudes, values and behaviour of the individual as well the groups exists in the Big Energy organization. It is used to study the behaviour of both groups as well as the individual performance in the organization. This particular study has been executed following the below mentioned steps Analyzing the impact of integration model followed by Big Energy in acquiring XYZ Energy on the overall attitudes, values and behaviour influenced by individual personality; Providing recommendations to help in motivating employees as well as help in developing good team or groups. Impact of the integration model followed by Big Energy After absorption of Big Energy and XYZ organization all employees were impacted in negativas well as positive manner (Subba Rao, 2010). The working culture, strategies, policies were also changed by big energy organization so that all new and old employees are comfortable in the environment (Eason, 2001). Attitude: The main focus of Big Energy was managing their employees. Integration in Big Energy is the process in which different culture people work together in one place. The organization like Big Energy, there is huge number of people with different culture, demography or places. Everyone working is having its own style of working, beliefs, concern for their work. So, to work properly the Big Energy should manage their workforce who belongs to different culture and demography. As per the macro OB theory, every organization needs to emphasis on the process of work of within the organization and their policies, strategies. So, the attitude of the management of Big Energy should have to be such way that considers the strategies as well as policies of XYZ Energy. But, in this case Big Energy fails to do so. Here, the major challenges which the organization has faced are the management of workforce diversity in order to improve their productivity and quality of work as well as the product. Values: The innovation or changes internally or externally should be made by the organization. If the organization is making changes in their policies, rules or regulation the employees should be made aware of it and while changing employees, stakeholders of the organization should be considered. Therefore, values are the The people first choice to work is when the organization is having well managed rules, regulation and the working environment. The challenged faced by the organization is making the work environment well networked. Well networked means that the organization should maintain their hierarchy of work culture (Somech and Drach-Zahavy, 2004). The environment of the organization should always be positive so that the employees should like working there. The Big Energy organization should always try to maintain the positive and peaceful environment which will automatically influence the workforce to work properly and maintain the peace in the workplace (Somech and Drach-Zahavy, 2004 ). The ethical behaviour of the workforce in the organization should be in favour of the organization. The ethics should always be maintained by the workforce of the organization to increase the productivity of the organization. Behaviour: As per the micro OB theory, it is very much necessary to give emphasis on the individual as well as group behaviour present in XYZ organization. Understanding behaviour of the employee is important as it helps in analyzing the action as well as personality of individual in the organization (Editorial Board, 2013). It helps the managers to motivate their subordinates to do work or increase their work effectively. In this particular case, it helps the manager of the Big Energy to know the behaviour of their subordinates and make them work according to it. The study of behaviour of existing employees indicates that there is an issue faced by the organization in maintaining the relationship between individual and the organization, as when organization is aware about the individuals behaviour, beliefs and personality then maintaining the professional relation will be easier. As it helps in maintaining the level of job satisfaction of the employees present in the organization and helps in developing the behaviour related to the work, there is requiring identifying the way to resolve this specific issue. It also helps the managers to motivate their subordinates to work according to the level of expectation. The managers are also motivated by their lead to work properly and make their subordinates work. As per the integration model, industrial relationship of the organization can be maintained by the help of organizational effectiveness. It helps in increasing the behaviour related to the function of the organization. The functional behaviour of the organization can be maintained with the help of it. Therefore, to maintain the level of productivity, effectiveness, efficiency of the organization, Big Energy must have to resolve behavioural issue rose due to such integration (Galaskiewicz, 2007). It is also the fact that during integration there is requiring considering behavioural aspect of both the organization. For that, it is essential to enhance the managerial skills of the managers of Big Energy. Specifically, the self development, personality development skills of the managers in the organization is important. This will ultimately enhance the interpersonal skills of an individual or the team head of the organization. Interpersonal skills are like leadership, motivation, team building and etc. It helps in improving the coordination among the team or group present in the organization (Lamertz, 2006). There are different groups present in the organization who are having people with different culture, so to maintain the coordination the study of their behaviour is important. The changes or innovation if required in the organization policies, rules or anything else can be done on the basis of the ob (Dulaimi, Ling and Bajracharya, 2003). The bases on which the Big Energy performs the study of XYZ staff members are as follows: Psychology of the employees of XYZ It is used to study or analyze the behaviour of an individual. But the result shows that employees, who came from XYZ, did not match with the existing strategy. So, it creates adverse impact on the employee. Sociology study It helps in knowing the behaviour of the different groups present in the organization. This study shows that there are different behaviours experienced for XYZ as well as Big Energy. Thus, this also creates issue in the long run. Social Psychology study It is used knowing the affect or impact of one another present in the organization. Since, the study evidenced different behaviours in both group of employees, it ultimately creates pressure on the employees itself. So, in the long run, it affects the the culture of the Big Energy. This study also helps in knowing the behaviour of an individual in the political environment of the organization. Conclusion and recommendation: The main focus of integration model of Big energy was on competitive advantages which help in increasing their long term profit. Its aim is to increase the rate of integration. Big energy after absorption process was unable to get proper innovative process for operation which de motivated their employees. Big energy should analyze their behavioural model of efficiency so that they can examine the behaviour of group or individual present in organization. Organization is made by the employees attitude towards their work, culture and their values. Management of Big Energy should focus on the needs, attitude and also the problem which remaining employees are facing. Big Energy should focus on the morale of the remaining employees so that they are motivated to work. The study of OB in Big Energy helps in understanding the issues involved here. Here, the organization needs to follow the below mentioned strategies to diminish the issues faced by the employees. First of all, there is require d to conduct study at individual level i.e. Micro level. The individual level is to be conducted by making study on the behaviour, beliefs, personality of an individual working in the organization. Secondly, there is requiring employing specific strategy, so that people can work in groups. Here, the work group means the team or group present in the organization. Suppose there is a group of ten people in the organization who are working for common goal, so the personality, action of work, methods of performing work and etc will be different of everyone. To study everyones behaviour ob is helpful. It will help in increasing the level of job performed by the group or team. By the case study it is clear that due to integration the morale of employees were going down so the management of XYZ organization should be transparent and try to increase the value system and examine correctly the behaviour. It will help to increase the coordination among the employees after absorption. In order to address the attitude issue, the organization have to encourage their employees to work up to the expectations, there should be such initiatives that influence them to work within the organization. For this, they have to examine the behaviour of their employees properly on a frequent basis. Here, the models which can be used by the organization are:- Supportive model Supportive model of ob in the organization focuses on leadership. In this model the manager has to encourage their subordinates to do his job in proper manner to increase the productivity of the organization (Buchanan, 1995). Autocratic Model Autocratic model will focus on the power or authority of the employees in the organization. This model describes the power of different people in the organization like the power or authority of manager is to control their subordinates and motivate them to do their job. Collegial Model This model can be used to describe the team work of the organization. It is used to identify the level of coordination among the team members or the group members. The level of coordination defines the level of work performed if the level of coordination is good or high among the members then the quality of work performed will also be good. Custodial Model This model of ob can be used by the organization to describe the economic resources available in the organization. In this model managers motivate by giving different faculties or benefit to the employees which make them work individually to increase the monetary benefit separately. System Model System model will help in describing the trust, motivation level, performance of the employees working in the organization. The level of trust of employees on the organization is very important for the organization because if the employees are not having trust on the organization they cannot be motivated to work (Adhikari, n.d.). Further, the organization can also utilize the Quantitative method is used to analyze the behaviour on the bases of statistics. The quantitative in simple words means that the research is based on the numbers, figures which is obtained by using different statistics models. To analyze the human behaviour who are working in the organization different statistics methods are used like: Time- series analysis Multiple regressions Meta analysis Correlation Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) and etc Every statistical method can be used to analyze the behaviour but there ways of performing is different from each other. Organization uses the quantitative method to do the systematic research of the behaviour with the help of statistical, mathematical and numeric. References Adhikari, H. (n.d.). Organizational Change Models: A Comparison. SSRN Journal. Buchanan, D. (1995). Desanitizing Organizational Behaviour. Organization, 2(1), pp.165-167. Dulaimi, M., Ling, F. and Bajracharya, A. (2003). Organizational motivation and inter-organizational interaction in construction innovation in Singapore. Construction Management and Economics, 21(3), pp.307-318. Eason, K. (2001). Changing perspectives on the organizational consequences of information technology. Behaviour Information Technology, 20(5), pp.323-328. Editorial Board. (2013). Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods Applications, 80, p.IFC. Galaskiewicz, J. (2007). Has a Network Theory of Organizational Behaviour Lived Up to its Promises?. Management Organization Review, 3(1), pp.1-18. Lamertz, K. (2006). Organizational Citizenship Behaviour as Performance in Multiple Network Positions. Organization Studies, 27(1), pp.79-102. Somech, A. and Drach-Zahavy, A. (2004). Exploring organizational citizenship behaviour from an organizational perspective: The relationship between organizational learning and organizational citizenship behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(3), pp.281-298. Somech, A. and Drach-Zahavy, A. (2004). Exploring organizational citizenship behaviour from an organizational perspective: The relationship between organizational learning and organizational citizenship behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(3), pp.281-298. Subba Rao, T. (2010). Time Series Analysis. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 31(2), pp.139-139.